DOE LOAN PROGRAMS OFFICE TRACKER

Where $98.2 Billion in
Energy Loans Flow

Tracking every major DOE loan and loan guarantee, from nuclear restarts to EV factories to transmission upgrades. Now rebranded as the Office of Energy Dominance Financing.

$98.2B
Loans & Guarantees Issued
$30.9B
Conditional Commitments
$50.3B
Amount Disbursed
$17.6B
Principal Repaid
2.1%
Loss Rate

Loan Tracker

Every major DOE LPO loan and loan guarantee. Click column headers to sort. Filter by category or search by company name.

Company Amount Type Category Purpose Status Date Jobs

Portfolio by Category

How the $129.1B in total LPO commitments (loans + conditional) breaks down across energy sectors.

By Sector ($ Billions)

By Status

Lending Over Time ($B Cumulative)

Top 10 Loans by Size

The Hits: Success Stories

The DOE loan program has funded some of America's biggest energy success stories. Many forget these were LPO-backed.

Tesla: $465M Loan (Repaid 9 Years Early)

Loan: $465MClosed: Jan 2010Repaid: May 2013

The ATVM loan helped Tesla build out its Fremont factory and launch the Model S. Tesla repaid the full amount nine years ahead of schedule, the first automaker to fully repay an LPO loan. Tesla is now worth over $800B. Return on taxpayer investment: immeasurable.

Vogtle Units 3 & 4: $12B Loan Guarantee

Guarantee: ~$12BFirst close: 2014Units online: 2023-2024

The first new U.S. nuclear reactors built in a generation. Despite massive cost overruns and delays, Vogtle Units 3 & 4 are now operating, providing 2.2 GW of carbon-free baseload power to Georgia. The LPO loan guarantee kept the project alive through its darkest days after Westinghouse went bankrupt in 2017.

Ford Motor Company: $5.9B ATVM Loan (Repaying)

Loan: $5.9BClosed: 2009Status: Repaying

One of LPO's earliest loans helped Ford upgrade 13 facilities in six states to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles. DOE estimated the loan saved 33,000 jobs during the auto industry crisis. Ford didn't need a bailout, it had LPO.

Multiple Solar Projects: Loans Repaid in Full

Desert Sunlight: $1.46BTopaz Solar: $1.2BAgua Caliente: $967M

Several utility-scale solar projects funded under Section 1705 have fully repaid their loans, including Desert Sunlight (550 MW), Topaz Solar Farm (550 MW), and Agua Caliente (290 MW). These projects proved that large-scale solar was bankable.

The Misses: Defaults in Context

Yes, Solyndra happened. But the portfolio's overall loss rate of 2.1% compares favorably to commercial bank averages. Congress actually budgeted for some defaults, that's how loan programs work.

Solyndra: $528M (Total Loss)

Loan: $535M guaranteedDefault: 2011Loss: ~$528M

The poster child for government lending failures. The cylindrical-panel solar manufacturer went bankrupt as Chinese silicon panel prices collapsed. It remains the largest single LPO loss, but represents just ~1% of total disbursements. The DOE IG found procedural issues but no fraud.

Fisker Automotive: $192M Disbursed (Partial Recovery)

Committed: $529MDisbursed: $192MRecovered: $53M

Fisker received $192M of a $529M ATVM commitment before DOE halted disbursements when Fisker missed milestones. The company eventually went bankrupt. DOE recovered $53M. notably, DOE's oversight caught the problems early and limited losses.

Abound Solar: $68M Disbursed

Committed: $400MDisbursed: ~$68MDefault: 2012

Another solar manufacturer felled by plummeting Chinese panel prices. Like Fisker, DOE limited exposure by halting disbursements. Of the $400M commitment, only ~$68M was actually disbursed.

The Math: Losses vs. Returns

  • Total losses (actual + estimated): $1.03B
  • Total disbursed: $50.3B
  • Loss rate: 2.1% of disbursements
  • Interest earned: $6.4B (paid to Treasury)
  • Principal repaid: $17.6B
  • FY2023 interest income: $484M
  • Comparison: VC loss rates typically 50-70%; commercial banks ~3-5%

Bottom line: The LPO has generated net positive returns for taxpayers, even accounting for every default including Solyndra.

LPO Under DOGE & Trump 2.0

The Loan Programs Office has been renamed the "Office of Energy Dominance Financing" (EDF) and refocused. Here's the timeline of what's happened since January 2025.

January 2025

Jigar Shah Departs as LPO Director

Shah, who led LPO from March 2021 through January 2025, oversaw the most productive period in LPO history: 53 deals totaling ~$108B. "Unleashing American Energy" executive order pauses IRA/BIL fund disbursements.

February 2025

$782M Disbursement for Montana SAF Refinery

First significant LPO disbursement under Trump, for an alternative jet fuel refinery in Montana. DOGE begins cutting DOE staff; LPO layoffs hit 45 workers.

March 2025

Lane Genatowski Appointed LPO Director

Former ARPA-E director takes over. $56.8M disbursement to Palisades nuclear restart approved, signaling continued support for nuclear. LPO not accepting new applications.

April–May 2025

Staff Exodus Accelerates

DOGE targets LPO staff, at least half the office's workforce departs. Nuclear advocates raise alarm about losing technical expertise. Reports emerge Genatowski may already be on his way out.

June 2025

Genatowski Ousted: Third Director in 6 Months

Despite support from Energy Secretary Chris Wright, Genatowski is removed. LPO has now had three directors in Trump's first six months. No new applications being accepted; no new conditional commitments finalized.

August 2025

"One Big Beautiful Bill" Rebrands LPO

The Working Families Tax Cut Act renames the Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment program to "Energy Dominance Financing." New eligibility for coal, oil & gas, and critical minerals projects. $250B in loan guarantee authority through 2028. Credit subsidy funds slashed.

October 2025

First "Energy Dominance" Loan Closes

$1.6B loan guarantee to AEP subsidiary for 5,000 miles of Midwest transmission upgrades, actually a Biden-era deal finalized under new branding. Wright touts it as energy dominance while canceling the $4.9B Grain Belt Express wind/solar transmission line.

November 2025

$1B Loan Closed for Three Mile Island Restart

Constellation Energy receives $1B loan for the Crane Clean Energy Center (TMI-1) restart, the first brand-new loan closed under Trump. First time LPO simultaneously declared conditions met and closed a loan. Bipartisan support for nuclear continues.

December 2025

$200B in Coal Financing Made Available

Following Trump's coal executive order, Secretary Wright announces $200B in EDF financing available for coal energy investments. Three loans finalized: transmission rebuilding, coal-powered fertilizer production, and TMI restart. Portfolio at 46 active loans + 25 conditional commitments totaling $118B.

Key Takeaways

  • Still operating: LPO/EDF continues to disburse existing loans and has closed at least 3 new deals
  • Not accepting new apps: No new applications through formal portal as of late 2025
  • Staff gutted: Lost ~50%+ of workforce through DOGE cuts and departures
  • Nuclear favored: Palisades and TMI loans proceeding; bipartisan support
  • Renewables targeted: Grain Belt Express ($4.9B) cancelled; clean energy focus diminished
  • Coal eligible: New legislation opens LPO to coal and fossil fuel projects
  • $250B authority: Massive lending authority through 2028, but reduced credit subsidy to backstop loans

Leadership Turnover

  • Jigar Shah (Mar 2021 – Jan 2025): Biden era, 53 deals/$108B
  • John Sneed (Jan – Mar 2025): Interim evaluation role
  • Lane Genatowski (Mar – Jun 2025): Former ARPA-E director, removed
  • Greg Beard (Feb 2025 – present): Former bitcoin mining exec, appointed director Feb 3, 2026

As former director Jigar Shah noted: "One of the challenges you have here is that you have a bunch of people who don't really understand what they want to do with the Loan Programs Office."

Impact Metrics

What $98B in government-backed energy loans has actually produced for America.

100K+
Jobs Created or Supported
Construction + permanent operations jobs across all LPO-financed projects
20+ GW
Clean Energy Capacity Funded
Nuclear, solar, wind, and battery storage generation capacity
34.7M
Metric Tons CO₂ Avoided
Cumulative emissions prevented by LPO-financed projects
1.7B gal
Gasoline Saved
Through ATVM-funded efficient vehicle manufacturing
$6.4B
Interest Paid to Treasury
Revenue generated for taxpayers from loan interest payments
30+
States with LPO Projects
From Georgia nuclear to Kentucky EV batteries to California solar

Methodology & Sources

This tracker compiles data from the DOE Office of Energy Dominance Financing (formerly LPO) portfolio performance page, official deal announcements, GAO reports, and financial filings. Portfolio summary figures are as of December 31, 2025. Individual loan amounts represent approximate principal at closing or commitment announcement, excluding capitalized interest. Jobs figures are estimates from DOE announcements and may include both construction and permanent positions.

Last updated: March 2026 · DOE EDF Portfolio · GAO-25-106631